Retrieve and Herd?

In my first post, I wrote about the importance of thinking metaphorically and indirectly, even when doing work that seems remote from the world of poetry.  And I wrote about it in a manner that did not explain or qualify who I was or why I was writing, or what I was trying to accomplish by doing so.  Furthermore, I did it all on a blog with a title that bears no direct connection to what the subtitle suggests the blog is about.  Just what is going on here, anyway?  Well, as you might have inferred, I was engaging in some indirection myself.

When I set out to create a blog, I had a rough idea what sorts of topics I wanted to write about–namely, things related to my work and my many other interests–but I had no idea how to tie them all together.  As explained in my bio blurb, I used to study and teach literature and writing to college students, but for more than fifteen years now, I have worked in fundraising for higher education, doing work that falls under the header of “prospect development,” namely research and data analysis, both to aid in identifying potential donors and to generate the kinds of insights that help fundraisers build relationships to advance the cause of philanthropy.  For almost twelve years now, I’ve been doing that work at the University of Nevada, Reno, where I am also currently a part-time student completing an MBA.

Needless to say, I have a lot of interests, and I like thinking about the links and connections between what I do at work, what I’m studying now, and the many things I’ve studied and learned about in the past.  But finding a way to connect them all in a blog eluded me until I realized that the answer was actually right at my feet all along.

I’m referring to my two dogs, who happen to be a Retriever mix and a Border Collie.  As I sat writing at my desk, I realized that the tasks their breeds excel in are also analogous to the sort of work I do for a living as a researcher and data analyst.  I’ve spent much of my professional life looking for, gathering, and retrieving all sorts of information, and once I’ve collected it, I need to herd it, that is, to put it into some sort of workable shape through organization, evaluation, description, enumeration, regression, or other forms of analysis.  After years of practice, I’m generally pretty good at the “retrieve” part, but I keep learning more sophisticated and better ways to “herd.”

“Stealth Mode: Engaged” by Dennis van Zuijlekom is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.

Anyone who lives with dogs will admit that they train us as much as (if not more than) we train them, and that part of what draws us to them is not just their loyalty and understanding, but also their exuberance, energy, and spirit.  My dogs are better masters of those traits than I am, but it is my hope that by invoking them in my blog’s title, I will be able to write in such a way that will communicate that sort of enthusiasm about my topics to my readers.

I won’t claim to be an expert on all of the topics I hope to blog about; one of my goals, though, is to share the things I’ve learned or have been learning–whether they be techniques or approaches, insights or perspectives–with an energy and spirit worthy of my dogs.

So You Want to Work with Data? The Case for Indirection

Data analytics and “Big Data” have been hot topics for organizations of all kinds for several years now, and more and more businesses and nonprofits are looking for ways to make use of them.  The rising visibility of data analytics has occurred alongside another trend that we see arise periodically in American culture, a growing insistence on practical education above all else.  Such an approach places a premium on utility and directness, as though they offer the best method for learning or applying any new skill.

While I have noticed an increasing number of articles lately about the importance of practical education, articles that also display a disregard for the liberal arts, such a focus on practical skills is short-sighted, in that it doesn’t necessarily teach anything about the uncertainties of truth, the ambiguities of language, the nature of rhetoric, or the primacy of metaphor.  Directness has great value, but sometimes indirectness offers the greatest path to knowledge.

I take my cue here from Robert Frost who in 1930 gave a talk that was later published under the title “An Education by Poetry.”  Frost observes:

What I am pointing out is that unless you are at home in the metaphor, unless you have had your proper poetical education in the metaphor, you are not safe anywhere.  Because you are not at home with figurative values:  you don’t know the metaphor in its strength and its weakness.  You don’t know how far you  may expect to ride it and when it may break down with you.  You are not safe in science.  You are not safe in history.  (Frost, 334)

If, as Frost posits, all thinking is metaphorical, then part of what metaphor teaches us is how to be comfortable with its limits, part of what it helps us recognize is how to live with uncertainty as we try to define the contours of the objects in front of us.

Robert Frost Farm 03 Robert Frost Farm 03 by TechSavi is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0.

But how do we come to understand metaphor?  Well, of course, one way is through reading poetry, and Frost is instructive on that point, too.  In a 1954 essay entitled (appropriately enough for my purposes here) “The Prerequisites,” Frost explains that we come to understand the ambiguities of any single poem partly by reading more poetry:

A poem is best read in light of all the other poems ever written.  We read A the better to read B (we have to start somewhere; we may get very little out of A).  We read B the better to read C, C the better to read D, D the better to go back and get something more out of A.  Progress is not the aim, but circulation.  The thing is to get among the poems where they hold each other apart in their places as the stars do.  (Frost, 418).

Even in the world of data analysis, in looking for patterns and insights in columns and rows of variables, an ability to think metaphorically is  a key component in figuring out workable truths.  Frost is talking about poetry above, but one hardly needs to be a master of metaphor to recognize that his description also applies to one key technique for becoming proficient in the art and science of data analysis.   In data analysis, as in reading poetry, each analysis we conduct, each variable we examine, each relationship we test, helps prepare us for the next one, and that helps us learn more, in turn, about the previous ones.

The title of my post comes from the idea of being indirect by speaking in metaphors, but as it happens, through my word choice, I’ve also unintentionally hit upon a truth about working with computers.  The late Cambridge Computer Scientist David Wheeler was famous for saying that  “All problems in computer science can be solved through another level of indirection, except of course for the problem of too many indirections.”  Though the quote may be apocryphal (having also been attributed to Butler Lampson, who claimed Wheeler as the source), it nevertheless uses the term “indirection” metaphorically to describe the ways in which problems are broken down, by working backwards or sideways or through other levels of abstraction.  As Diomidis Spinellis writes: “The quote rings in my head on various occasions: when I am forced to talk to a secretary instead of the person I wish to communicate with, when I first travel east to Frankfurt in order to finally fly west to Shanghai or Bangalore, and—yes—when I examine a complex system’s source code.”

Without downplaying the importance of understanding statistics or statistical software to the field of data analysis, therefore, one prerequisite for working creatively with data has little to do with software or statistics.  Although someone certainly needs a tolerance for numbers, formulas, spreadsheets, and databases, to be sure, beyond that, one essential element to working with data is a well-cultivated imagination, one with the ability to envision connections and relationships that don’t seem obvious or logical and, even better, one that is willing to ask all kinds of questions, no matter how absurd, silly, trivial, or beside the point they might seem at first.

Work Cited:

Frost, Robert.  Poetry and Prose.  Edited by Edward Connery Latham and Lawrence Thompson.  New York:  Henry Holt, 1972.